{"id":3349,"date":"2025-06-03T09:13:47","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T09:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/?p=3349"},"modified":"2025-10-01T14:43:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T14:43:59","slug":"price-fyrirlestur-um-minnkandi-frjosemi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/price-fyrirlestur-um-minnkandi-frjosemi-3\/","title":{"rendered":"PRICE fyrirlestur um minnkandi frj\u00f3semi (uppf\u00e6rt me\u00f0 helstu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00deann 12. j\u00fan\u00ed 2025 f\u00f3r fram fyrirlestur \u00e1 vegum ranns\u00f3knarstofnunnar l\u00edfeyrism\u00e1la \u00fear sem Klaus F. Zimmerman,<\/strong> pr\u00f3fessor emeritus vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Bonn, flutti erindi um minnkandi frj\u00f3semi.<\/p>\n

Erindi\u00f0 h\u00f3fst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Zimmerman beindi sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 \u00cdslandi \u00ed samhengi almennrar l\u00e6kkunnar \u00e1 f\u00e6\u00f0ingart\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu. \u00cd OECD l\u00f6ndum er frj\u00f3semi komin langt undir \u00a02,1 barn \u00e1 hverja konu, en s\u00fa tala er notu\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 sem nau\u00f0synlegt er a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda mannfj\u00f6lda. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 n\u00fdlegar ranns\u00f3knir bendi til \u00feess a\u00f0 frj\u00f3semi \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3u\u00f0um r\u00edkjum fylgi nokkurskonar U-ferli, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 frj\u00f3semi l\u00e6kkar um hr\u00ed\u00f0 en h\u00e6kkar svo a\u00f0 einhverju leyti aftur, \u00fe\u00e1 leggur Zimmerman \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00f6nnunarg\u00f6gnin fyrir U-ferlinum s\u00e9u ekki s\u00e9rlega sannf\u00e6randi a\u00f0 svo st\u00f6ddu.<\/p>\n

Einnig snerti Zimmerman \u00e1 frj\u00f3semi \u00ed hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu samhengi, me\u00f0 vi\u00f0komu \u00ed kenningum Malthus, Brentano og Beckers \u00e1samt l\u00edk\u00f6num sem taka me\u00f0 \u00ed reikninginn a\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi barna hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 getu foreldra til a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rfesta<\/em> \u00ed hverju barni<\/p>\n

Frj\u00f3semi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi hefur l\u00f6ngum veri\u00f0 h\u00e1 \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 n\u00e1grannal\u00f6ndin. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en 2012 sem frj\u00f3semi f\u00f3r undir 2,1 vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i\u00f0. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed s\u00f6g\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e1 hefur \u00fer\u00f3unin veri\u00f0 hr\u00f6\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1r, en frj\u00f3semi hefur aldrei veri\u00f0 l\u00e6gri \u00e1 \u00cdslandi en n\u00fa, \u00fe.e. 1,56 barn \u00e1 hverja konu. \u00deessi \u00fer\u00f3un \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er rausnarlegt f\u00e9lagslegt kerfi \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 uppeldi barna, t.a.m. langt f\u00e6\u00f0ingarorlof sem gerir r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku fe\u00f0ra \u00e1samt ni\u00f0urgreiddum leiksk\u00f3lum og dagforeldrum. \u00dea\u00f0 sem g\u00e6ti \u00fatsk\u00fdrt l\u00e1gu f\u00e6\u00f0ingart\u00ed\u00f0nina \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feetta rausnarlega kerfi g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 h\u00e1r aldur vi\u00f0 fyrsta barn, h\u00e1r h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0iskostna\u00f0ur, \u00fer\u00fdstingur fr\u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i, breytt samf\u00e9lagsvi\u00f0horf og h\u00e1 innflytjendat\u00ed\u00f0ni sem dugar t\u00edmabundi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda mannfj\u00f6lda.<\/p>\n

Fyrirlestrinum lauk me\u00f0 huglei\u00f0ingum um hversu miklu a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir stj\u00f3rnvalda til a\u00f0 auka frj\u00f3semi geti raunverulega skila\u00f0. A\u00f0 mati Zimmermans er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 engin ein a\u00f0ger\u00f0 n\u00e6r a\u00f0 sn\u00faa \u00fer\u00f3uninni vi\u00f0. \u00de\u00f3 g\u00e6ti fj\u00f6ldi a\u00f0ger\u00f0a sem vega \u00e1 s\u00f6mu sveif skila\u00f0 \u00e1rangi, \u00fear m\u00e6tti nefna \u00f3d\u00fdra um\u00f6nnun barna, jafnt f\u00e6\u00f0ingarorlof m\u00e6\u00f0ra og fe\u00f0ra, h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0isstu\u00f0ning, sveigjanlegan vinnut\u00edma og almennt kynjajafnr\u00e9tti.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar Zimmerman lauk m\u00e1li s\u00ednu steig Vilmundur Torfason<\/strong> \u00e1 stokk og sag\u00f0i fr\u00e1 \u00edslenskri ranns\u00f3kn sem hann hefur unni\u00f0 undir handlei\u00f0slu Gylfa Zoega og byggir m.a. \u00e1 g\u00f6gnum \u00far skattframt\u00f6lum allra \u00cdslendinga. Ranns\u00f3knin s\u00fdndi fram \u00e1 hva\u00f0a ytri \u00fe\u00e1ttum frj\u00f3semi er tengd, \u00fear st\u00f3\u00f0 helst aldur, tekjur, hj\u00faskaparsta\u00f0a og h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0iseign. \u00deeir \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem hafa ekki \u00e1hrif \u00e1 frj\u00f3semi eru tekjur foreldra (amma og afi barnsins) og hvort einstaklinga s\u00e9u innf\u00e6ddir e\u00f0a innflytjendur. Vilmundur nefndi einnig \u00fe\u00e6tti sem er ekki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed skattag\u00f6gnunum sem g\u00e6tu spila\u00f0 rullu, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al eru menningarlegir \u00fe\u00e6ttir og \u00f3vissa um framt\u00ed\u00f0ina en t\u00e6kniframfarir, t.a.m samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0lar, g\u00e6tu m\u00f6gulega magna\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta.<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 fyrirlestrum loknum voru l\u00edflegar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed sal. \u00dear st\u00f3\u00f0 h\u00e6st umr\u00e6\u00f0ur um \u00fea\u00f0 hvort l\u00e1g frj\u00f3semi s\u00e9 vandam\u00e1l yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0.<\/p>\n

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H\u00e9r m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast gl\u00e6rur Zimmermans: 250612 Fertility Decline Iceland Seminar<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00e9r m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast gl\u00e6rur Vilmundar: PRICE_25_gz_vt_11_06_new<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00datdr\u00e1tt og fyrri tilkynningu m\u00e1 lesa h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an:<\/p>\n

Klaus F. Zimmermann (Free University Berlin & GLO) mun halda fyrirlestur \u00ed fyrirlestrasal \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafnsins \u00feann 12. j\u00fan\u00ed fr\u00e1 12 til 13.30:<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Klaus F. Zimmermann<\/p>\n

The Economics of Fertility Decline<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Frj\u00f3semi hefur fari\u00f0 minnkandi \u00ed m\u00f6rgum l\u00f6ndum og er n\u00fa \u00e1hyggjuefni fremur en vaxandi f\u00f3lksfj\u00f6ldi \u00ed heiminum sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00f3tti vera vandam\u00e1l. \u00dev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 sp\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 um n\u00e6stu aldam\u00f3t muni f\u00f3lki fara f\u00e6kkandi \u00ed flestum l\u00f6ndum heimsins. Hver er sk\u00fdringin \u00e1 \u00feessu? Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar greina venjulega orsakir minnkandi frj\u00f3semi innan ramma svokalla\u00f0s „l\u00fd\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs umbreytingarl\u00edkans“, l\u00edkans Gary Becker um magn og g\u00e6\u00f0i, og tilg\u00e1tu Dick Easterlin um hugmyndir um fj\u00f6lskyldust\u00e6r\u00f0 sem \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1 \u00e6sku\u00e1rum. Eru \u00feessar tilg\u00e1tur \u00fareltar og getum vi\u00f0 v\u00e6nst vaxandi f\u00f3lksfj\u00f6lda \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni? Geta stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 sl\u00edkum markmi\u00f0um? \u00dea\u00f0 eru f\u00e1ar v\u00edsbendingar um a\u00f0 sl\u00edkt s\u00e9 m\u00f6gulegt. \u00cd fyrirlestrinum ver\u00f0a leidd r\u00f6k fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 getum einungis v\u00e6nst sveiflu \u00ed frj\u00f3semi yfir t\u00edma. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 frj\u00f3semi hafi minnka\u00f0 verulega \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ratug \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, er \u00feetta enn a\u00f0allega raki\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 konur eignist fyrsta barn s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 \u00e6vinni. Hverjir eru valkostir \u00cdslands \u00ed lj\u00f3si gagna fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00f6ndum?<\/p>\n

Eftir a\u00f0 Klaus hefur loki\u00f0 fyrirlestri s\u00ednum mun Vilmundur Torfason<\/strong>,\u00a0 BS nemi \u00ed hagfr\u00e6\u00f0i, segja fr\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um ranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 frj\u00f3semi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Klaus Felix Zimmermann<\/b> er pr\u00f3fessor emeritus vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Bonn. Hann gegnir einnig st\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 Maastricht h\u00e1sk\u00f3la, Frj\u00e1lsa h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Berlin og Renmin h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed K\u00edna. Hann gegnir st\u00f6\u00f0u forseta Global Labor Organization. Ranns\u00f3knir hans eru \u00e1 svi\u00f0i f\u00f3lksfj\u00f6lda, vinnumarka\u00f0s, \u00fer\u00f3unar og b\u00faferlaflutninga. Klaus Zimmermann er einn helsti s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur um hagfr\u00e6\u00f0i b\u00faferlaflutninga \u00ed heiminum.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deann 12. j\u00fan\u00ed 2025 f\u00f3r fram fyrirlestur \u00e1 vegum ranns\u00f3knarstofnunnar l\u00edfeyrism\u00e1la \u00fear sem Klaus F. Zimmerman, pr\u00f3fessor emeritus vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Bonn, flutti erindi um minnkandi frj\u00f3semi. Erindi\u00f0 h\u00f3fst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Zimmerman beindi sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 \u00cdslandi \u00ed samhengi almennrar l\u00e6kkunnar \u00e1 f\u00e6\u00f0ingart\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu. \u00cd OECD l\u00f6ndum er frj\u00f3semi komin langt undir \u00a02,1 barn […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vidburdir","wpbf-post"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3349"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3502,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3349\/revisions\/3502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pension-research.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}